The current global political and economic scenario seems to indicate that the logic of colonial expropriation persists in various internal and external forms of neo-colonialism. After all, we are still witnessing the performances of post-colonial third-world elites, who have been turned into capitalist bourgeoisie, who are less and less capable of reflecting on and taking positive attitudes towards their condition of existence, turning the impositions of the market into true anthropocentric dogmas. In this scenario, the emergence of forms of neo-extractivism associated with the expansion of large corporate mineral and plant exploitation projects in Latin American and African countries stands out. These phenomena have prompted a considerable number of interdisciplinary studies in the humanities, social and environmental sciences, which reveal, among other things, territorial dynamics, environmental impacts, cultural and economic changes, as well as new forms of political organization, collective mobilization and rights activism in the Global South. This panel aims to welcome scientific papers that foster dialogue between researchers from different academic fields and encourage the decolonization of scientific perspectives, particularly anthropological ones, which contribute to elucidating the complex phenomena associated with the implementation and expansion of extractive industries, as well as the identification of epistemological networks constituted in the interaction between environments and societies in the Global South. This panel aims to welcome scientific papers that foster dialogue between researchers from different academic areas and encourage the decolonization of scientific perspectives, particularly anthropological ones, which contribute to elucidating the complex phenomena associated with the implementation and expansion of extractive industries, as well as the identification of epistemological networks constituted in the interaction between environments and societies in African and Latin American countries.We intend to make it possible to share knowledge on topics such as:territorial disputes; socio-environmental impacts of the expansion of the extractive industry; environmental disasters and forced climate migrations; compulsory (re)settlements; monetarization of traditional economies and knowledge; inter-ethnic environmental conflicts and their effects on cultural heritage; new forms of collective mobilization at local and global levels; and, also, relations between companies and local populations, notably with regard to the modus operandi of the former and the forms of political organization of the latter, as well as the expressions of these relations at national and international legal levels.Priority will be given to papers that provide theoretical-methodological approaches that connect local and academic knowledge, and that are attentive to ethical issues in dialogues and the production of knowledge with local communities affected by the expansion of extractive and neo-extractive industries.