This panel aims to question the radical transformations in anthropological knowledge production in the Arab world in the aftermath of independence, focusing on how these shifts are entwined with the political, social, and cultural changes that have occurred in the region. It examines the impact of independence, subsequent state-building efforts, and the formation of national identities on anthropological inquiries, offering insights into the reshaping of perspectives, practices, and the distribution of power within both social and academic realms. Initiating with a critique of colonial practices and the Eurocentric perspectives that have historically dominated anthropology, this discussion underscores the post-independence period as a pivotal moment for the emergence of postcolonial/decolonialism discourse within the field. This era has facilitated the rise of new voices and research methodologies that more accurately reflect the lived experiences and perspectives of Arab peoples themselves. Emphasis is placed on the transition from a Western-centric approach to one that privileges indigenous narratives and experiences, thereby enriching the discipline with a diversity of cultural understandings and interactions. Furthermore, the panel delves into the role of postcolonial and decolonial theories in challenging and reframing the narratives and methodologies within anthropology. By integrating postcolonial/decolonial critiques, it aims to highlight the importance of decolonizing anthropological practices, fostering a discipline that is more inclusive of and responsive to the complexities and multiplicity of voices within Arab societies. In conclusion, the discussion navigates the challenges and opportunities that currently confront anthropological knowledge production in the Arab world, stressing the necessity of enhancing self-critique within the discipline and advocating for methodologies that acknowledge the rich tapestry of identities, cultures, and social dynamics. Thus, through this panel, we wish to shed light on how the processes of independence and state formation, through a postcolonial/decolonial lens, have been instrumental in reimagining and generating anthropological knowledge, ultimately underscoring the potential for a deeper comprehension of the Arab world.