Since the advent of COVID-19 vaccines, healthcare systems have encountered various challenges related to the unequal distribution of vaccines at regional, national, and local levels. Additionally, issues such as the spread of misinformation and false news regarding vaccine efficacy and the pandemic itself have emerged. It's also noteworthy that the lack of necessary infrastructure and human resources for effective vaccine distribution has been a hindrance in many countries. These factors, influenced by each nation's unique context, have affected vaccination rates achieved thus far. Equally important is the matter of vaccine acceptance, rejection, and hesitancy. Therefore, it's crucial to consider decision-making processes at both individual and collective levels and how they impact attitudes toward vaccination. In this panel, our objective is to discuss the aforementioned context and analyze how anthropology can play a fundamental role in comprehending these issues. We invite social researchers from diverse perspectives and employing various methodologies to participate in the discussion on COVID-19 vaccination.