Local animal resources, including marine mammals, game, fish and domesticated reindeer are important food sources for both indigenous and non-indigenous residents in the North Asia. Our research aimed to quantify the role of local animal resources for population of northeastern part of Chukotka as one of the typical Arctic regions of Asia. In the recent years food self-sufficiency of Chukotka residents has been studied by social anthropologists in detail at the qualitative level but no quantitative assessments have been made. Our methodology included a mass survey, using a short anonymous questionnaire, complemented by informal interviews. Ten villages and towns in the North-East of Chukotka were surveyed in 2023 summer. The results revealed the most important animal resources (in descending order): domesticated and wild reindeer meat, fish, marine mammal meat, and game birds. These resources were rated highest by the majority of the population in almost all settlements. Reindeer meat, fish and game birds have approximately equal high importance for both indigenous and non-indigenous families. The marine mammal meat is important mainly for indigenous people. The result of our study confirmed that two old traditions are still continued and highly relevant. First is the donation of a part of the harvested meat to needy families. Second one is the exchange of harvested products between nomadic tundra reindeer herders and sea-hunters from coastal settlements. The result of the study show that local wildlife resources management regulations should be improved, since almost all residents are acutely dissatisfied with the existing hunting and fishing rules. The North residents should have more possibility of participate in the decision-making in wildlife management. The research was supported by the RSF project “Changing Materiality of the Arctic and Siberia: Technologies, Innovations, Infrastructure” (No. 23–18–00637).