The Irula indigenous community of Attappadi, located in Kerala's Palakkad district, faces a dual impact from the recognition of their cultural expressions, such as the Koothu performances, as Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). This recognition, while potentially revitalizing and preserving these traditions, also poses challenges related to commodification and authenticity. Koothu, a traditional theatre performance deeply rooted in Tamil heritage, is an integral part of the Irula culture. The main forms of Koothu practiced by the Irulas include Ramarkoothu, Harischandrakoothu, and Sirithundankoothu, with the performances primarily based on Ramayana stories, stories of King Harischandra and Sirithundar (Lord Shiva) respectively. These performances, incorporating songs, dance, and acting, are held during temple festivals and rites after death. However, the tradition is facing an existential crisis due to modern influences, a lack of enthusiasm among the younger generation, and the logistical challenges of staging such performances. ICH recognition can enhance the visibility of Koothu, potentially sparking resurgence in local pride and intergenerational transmission. This increased awareness can lead to greater efforts in safeguarding and revitalizing these traditions. For instance, formal acknowledgment by UNESCO or similar organizations can attract resources and attention to the preservation of Koothu, encouraging younger generations to take an active interest in their cultural heritage. Additionally, such recognition can help in documenting and systematizing the art form, ensuring its continuity. However, the process of institutionalizing Koothu as ICH presents significant challenges. The heightened visibility can lead to the commodification of Koothu, transforming it from a sacred cultural practice into a commercial spectacle. This shift risks stripping the performances of their intrinsic cultural value and authenticity as they might be tailored to meet external, often touristic, expectations. The homogenization of Koothu to appeal to broader audiences can dilute its unique cultural essence, leading to a loss of identity for the Irula community. To mitigate these adverse effects, it is crucial to adopt an intrinsic approach to cultural preservation. Efforts should focus on maintaining the inherent cultural significance of Koothu rather than its external commercial appeal. Community-led initiatives that prioritize the Irulas' perspectives and values can ensure that preservation efforts respect and sustain their cultural identity. Educational programs and workshops aimed at younger Irulas can foster a deeper appreciation and engagement with their heritage. This study is to explores, how does the recognition of Koothu performances as Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) impact the preservation, authenticity, and intergenerational transmissionof the Irula community's cultural identity in Attappadi, Kerala, and strategies can be employed to mitigate the challenges of commodification and cultural homogenization. This study employs an ethnographic methodology, utilizing both primary data gathered through immersive fieldwork and in-depth interviews, and secondary data sourced from existing literature and historical records. It adopts a qualitative approach, theoretical analysis and interpretive methodsto understand and document the performance of Koothu and its existence.