The current research is dedicated to investigating the Bahia Peoples' Web (Teia dos Povos da Bahia), a Brazilian political alliance founded in 2012 by agrarian reform settlers, indigenous peoples, quilombolas and traditional communities, peripheral urban collectives and homeless groups. Peoples' Web was born with the aim of organizing a black, indigenous and popular alliance under the banner of the struggle for land, territory and autonomy, and is now active in more than twelve provinces across the country. In its discourse, it states that it seeks to act in a way independently from the State, actively critiquing the tactics and strategies of the institutional left, as well as in opposition to the models of economic and political organization imposed by capital. In the cognitive realm, Peoples’ Web takes up an invisible legacy of interethnic articulations that marked a series of popular revolts in Brazilian history of past centuries, building counter-colonial narratives that inspire the construction of contemporary coalitions. Although it is a novelty in Brazil, movements with a similar repertoire to that of the Peoples’ Web have been constructed by various indigenous peoples in Latin America for many years and some authors consider that autonomy is emerging as a new paradigm of Latin American social struggles. In a macro level, through a processual anthropological analysis analysis of the Peoples’ Web we seek to understand how this repertoire of political action has been spreading from the Latin American indigenous movement to other social segments in Brazil – giving centrality to ethnicity, ancestry, autonomy, the right to self-determination and the defense of land and territory. On a micro level, we seek to identify the polysemy of the emic concept of autonomy elaborated within the People's Web, observing that the disputes and conflicts surrounding its meanings reveal interethnic tensions of the Brazilian society.