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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

Exploring the Perception of Masculinities: A Comparative Study of Nonbinary and Cisgender Individuals

presenters

    Rezwana Karim Snigdha

    Nationality: Bangladesh

    Residence: Bangladesh

    Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka. Bngladesh

    Presence:Online

Keywords:

Hegemonic Masculinities, Gender normativity, Hijra, Intersection, Bangladesh

Abstract:

The idea of masculine traits among non-binary individuals in Bangladesh aligns with dominant gender norms. This study aimed to delve into the definition of man within the context of complex hegemonic masculinities from the viewpoint of the hijra community. Despite being biologically male, many members of the hijra community embrace masculine traits and behaviors while simultaneously challenging gender norms. They refute the notion that biological sex dictates one's gender identity, instead defining masculinity based on behavior and resistance to dominant gender norms. The study suggests that Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity needs to be reconsidered to comprehend Bangladeshi masculinities. The perception of manhood and masculinity is influenced by various factors such as normative norms, gender roles, power dynamics, discursive practices, and socialization. Masculine traits among non-binary individuals in Bangladesh do not stray from the dominant gender norms. This study aims to explore the meaning of man within the context of complex hegemonic masculinities from the perspective of the hijra community. Despite being biologically male, many members of the hijra community embrace masculine traits and behaviors while also challenging gender norms. Masculinity is diverse and varies from person to person, shaped by family, religion, education, media, and cultural influences. Masculinities in Bangladesh are closely linked to the male-female gender binary, with men often perceived as providers and women as supportive partners and mothers. Hijras contest the notion that being biologically male automatically makes one a man. They argue that masculinity is not confined to the role of fatherhood and should be inclusive of non-heterosexual gender norms, recognizing diverse gender identities beyond the traditional male-female binary. This paper challenges the concept of uniform masculinities and suggests examining masculinities from a postmodern perspective through an intersectional lens.