The main objective of this proposal is to understand the ways indigenous communities in Oaxaca (Mexico), struggle for their natural resources on a neoliberal and extractive context. With the signature of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, and the riseup of zapatistas in the South of Mexico, the political arena made things more complicated for indigenous people in the whole country. Despite the negotiations between the Mexican Government and these communities the situation was full of misunderstandings. Nowadays, thirty years after, the panorama has gotten worst. Several Constitutional changes are dangerous for the communities’ land properties. In 1998, the Mexican Congress declared the free trade of communal and ejidal lands. Since that resolution Indigenous people started the biggest fight of their history. Throughout the years megaprojects (such as the Mesoamerica Project), open-pit mining, “green” energy enterprises (such as eolic energy), implementation of GMOs in local villages, and the expropriation of traditional knowledge have been allowed in indigenous territories by the Mexican government without their consent. In this paper I am going to present my research case focused on the struggle of indigenous people in Oaxaca Mexico. The principal study area is in the Sierra Norte where the historical processes of negotiations and fights have been complex and have strengthened the socio-political communities’ structures. In this case the Indigenous Knowledge Systems are central to think about the ways to construct autonomy and self-determination. The notion of comunalidad is the starting point of my reflection. It is a theoretical concept created by two indigenous anthropologists from the region (Floriberto Díaz and Jaime Martínez Luna) which explains the social, political, and ritual organization of the communities. My attempt here is to share a historical land struggle experience from Latin America as to compare it with other cases all around the world.