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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

Restitution of sacred objects from National Museums to Communities

presenters

    Dr. Keletso Gaone Setlhabi

    Nationality: Botswana

    Residence: Botswana

    Presence:Face to Face/ On Site

Keywords:

bojale drums national museums restitution communities value

Abstract:

Some of the first museum collections globally were from anthropologists and archaeologists of which some were trafficked abroad illegally. However, some ended up into National Museums of African countries and still remain there up to present. All these were acquired into museums without their contextual information which invalidated their value. Furthermore, some of the sacred objects were handled disrespectfully within museum walls. This paper case studies the initiation (bojale) drums of Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela in Kgatleng District of Botswana which were acquired into the Botswana National Museum in 1971 due to a lack of a local museum in Kgatleng District. Upon the establishment of the local museum, Phuthadikobo Museum in 1976, the twin drums were separated as only one was returned to its community and curated there and the drums have been separated since. Despite the ethnographic research conducted by the author between 2006-2010 about the importance of returning the remaining drum to its community in order to restore their value, no action has been taken. I argue that just as it is urgent to correct the illicit trafficking of materials from western museums, it is equally important to restitute objects, specifically sacred objects in African national museums to their communities. This case study demonstrates how anthropological research created an opportunity to correct the past and argues that it is an opportunity that prevails for the disciple in the on-going restitution discourses.