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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

Spirituality, sacredness and re-imagining heritage spaces: the conceptualisation and functioning of the Spiritual Centre at Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site, Zimbabwe

presenters

    Pascall Taruvinga

    Nationality: Zimbabwe

    Residence: South Africa

    Rhodes University

    Presence:Face to Face/ On Site

First and foremost, heritage is local before it becomes universal, meaning that this localness should find expression in conservation, interpretation and sustainability at World Heritage sites. Great Zimbabwe become a World Heritage site because of its architectural values (dry-stone walls) yet other important values of this site embodied in Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) dimensions have failed to find their own consistent expression at the site until in the recent years where they have been ‘dearchaeologised’ and decontextualised by local communities themselves through the Shona village and recently, through the establishment of a Spiritual Centre at Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Property in 2021. This ICH manifests as the spirituality and sacredness of the site, which is as old as the site itself, but now re-imagining itself after decades of exclusionary practices by management authorities. The ICH re-imagining is now blending both traditional and modern architecture possible signifying a shift in the visualisation and context of indigenous rights-based approaches at World Heritage sites in spaces now balancing caring of heritage values and the well-being of the society. The paper traces the ICH dimensions, conservation synergies and complexities associated with new spiritual centre with an emphasis on its context, conceptualisation and operationalisation demonstrating decision making beyond just “reviving the spirituality and sacredness” of the site. The views of the state, management authority, local communities and tourists are offered in this discussion. The new spiritual centre is manifesting as a rights-based approach and has implications on conservation, interpretation and presentation, tourism, sustainable livelihoods and community engagement at the property being developed for sustainable tourism under the Great Zimbabwe Development Project. This demands reimagining World Heritage management as endearing adaptation in which conservation, interpretation and sustainability engage with traditional knowledge and practices beyond the conservation enclave of scientific to an inclusive lens holistically embracing ICH.

Keywords:

spirituality, sacredness, communities, world heritage and intangible cultural heritage