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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

“We live in a Whole Environment”: Degredo’s animated beings living with the arrival of the mud of the Samarco Tailings Dam collapse

presenters

    Nathalia Dothling Reis

    Nationality: Brazil

    Residence: Australia

    University of Queensland

    Presence:Face to Face/ On Site

The 2015 Samarco tailing dam collapse is Brazil's largest environmental disaster, impacting over 600 km from Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo, including the Degredo Quilombola community. The community, reliant on fishing, faced severe disruption when toxic mud reached the ocean, leading to ongoing reparative efforts in which I participated for three years. A community leader's assertion, "We do not live in half an environment, we live in a whole environment," is understood as an enunciation of the theory of his world. Building on this perspective, my fieldwork explored the local Quilombola theory of the whole environment. Through participant observation and visual walking ethnography, I examined the intricate connections (Strathern 2018) among the beings that constitute this environment. The teachings from Degredo emphasize the vitality and wholeness of every entity, from the sea to the toxic mud, all existing in a world of continuous birth (Ingold 2006). Degredo’s Wheel of Jongo, a traditional Afro-Brazilian dance, reveals the embodiment of circularity (Bispo 2015) and spiral time (Martins 2021), reflecting African temporal principles and the perpetual movement of life (Ingold 2000). This circularity, enacted in the Jongo, extends to the community's interactions with various life forms, mirroring and honouring natural cycles such as those of the moon, tides, wind, and fish. Inspired by Mignolo's (2009) concept of epistemic disobedience, I propose a new framework for understanding academic colonial structure, showcasing Afro-diasporic temporal wisdom with its cycles of beginning, middle, and re-beginning. This paper invites readers to engage in a dance of connections, illustrating how the Quilombolas of Degredo maintain interconnected relationships with non-humans and more-than-humans, disrupted by linear time entities like the toxic mud, threatening the whole environment. This exploration aims to highlight the importance of circularity and the whole environment theory as ancestral ecological knowledge, enabling Afro-diasporic communities to thrive despite adversity.

Keywords:

Quilombolas; Samarco disaster; Animism; Circularity; Spiral time