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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

“Empowerment or Hegemonic Subservience?” Female Bodybuilding in the Developing World: Insights from the Philippines

presenters

    Airnel Abarra

    Nationality: Philippines

    Residence: Hungary

    Hungarian University of Sport Science

    Presence:Face to Face/ On Site

The socio-economic and socio-cultural position of a particular athlete affects their concept of empowerment and fulfillment, especially in the sporting world, which might include different factors in empowerment, identity, and hegemony within a particular sport subculture. Bodybuilding, which is a non-mainstream sport in developing countries shows this dynamic, especially in training, coaching, and engagement in fitness and physique sports by women. Through this study, we investigate how female bodybuilders in developing countries shape their identity, ideals, and goals for their body and health, amidst gender relations that are different from ‘Western’ contexts. The case studies of female professional bodybuilders in the developing countries reflect diverse narratives of female bodybuilders and we looked at these through the lens of identity and cultural relativism. The results from semi-structured online interviews with 15 participants from various Asian countries show the interplay between the empowering nature of bodybuilding through the transformation of the body of participants, yet the community and the subculture of the discipline show some instances that they need to obey certain norms from their coaches and their community. It can also be questioned if their situations really empower them, given that most of the gatekeepers in the sport are males. This includes how acceptable their bodies are within their subculture. Thus, it can provide a better perspective on how athletes in a sport and subculture like bodybuilding process their situations which can be empowering or conforming for its female participants.

Keywords:

Bodybuilding, female, empowerment, subservience, developing world, gender