The technologies of the industrial era contributed a lot to solving many problems of society in it’s dependence on nature and to improve the welfare of society. However, this period was marked by excessive pressure on nature, which was expressed in: excessive pollution, reduced biodiversity, depletion of soils etc. The global character of negative changes stimulated attention to a green economy, associated with a pursuit of a model of sustainable development for mankind. In the agricultural sphere, a problem of transition from using of technologies related to chemical preparations to biological technologies has become urgent. In this context, special attention to the traditions of using flora in the folk nature management became promising. Folk wisdom in using flora to restore soil fertility, create favorable conditions for plant development, traditional observations of phenological phenomena is actual resource for realization a project “Green economy” in agrarian sphere. Russian farmers traditionally practiced sowing buckwheat and peas to increase soil fertility. The ancient Maya sowed a mixture of corn, beans and pumpkin seeds at the same time. This technology had a positive effect on the development of corn. Russian farmers (on the banks of the Volga River) grow hops under the protection of forests or specially planted trees (so that hops would not suffer from excess moisture). Folk technologies in the field of life support activity are the result of long–term local practices, empirical experience and a consequence of the special attitude of farmers to the surrounding nature (awareness of oneself as a part of nature). Together, these facts contributed a lot to reveal a complex interdependencies in nature. In my paper I will pay special attention to the traditional experience on observing flora and fauna by folk farmers, confined to local climatic conditions, and the specifics of cognitive activity in pre-industrial period.