Paper
“Mak xa ch’ut (Her belly is already closed)”: menopause, ageing and blood between tsotsil indigenous women from the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico.
presenters
Jimena López Montaño
Nationality: Mexico
Residence: CHIS
Centro de Iinvestigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social - CIESAS Sureste
Presence:Online
Keywords:
menopause, menstruation, indigenous knowledge, decolonial ethnography, Chiapas.
Abstract:
The present research seeks to approach the experience of menstruation from the perspective of the Tsotsil women of San Gregorio de las Casas in Huixtán, the Highlands of Chiapas. Particularly, we will delve into the period of life where women begin to see changes in their menstruation and eventually, experience the permanent cessation of their period. That which in biomedicine has been called “menopause” but that has been investigated primarily under the biomedical and biological lens. Therefore, we seek to describe and analyze how the cessation of menstruation is conceived and experienced and what its relationship is with the aging process within the Tsotsil life course. To answer this, it was necessary to start from the concepts themselves in Tsotsil and leave biomedical notions aside. Thus, we find that the cessation of the period, referred to as mak xa ch'ut, and whose literal translation is "her belly is already closed", is better understood if we approach it from how blood is understood, ch'ich' , the force of blood, yip xch'ich'el, the emotions-feelings-thinking located within the o'ntonal dimension, and the symbolic and ontological relationship that the Tsotsil women have with the moon and the Virgin Marie, ch'ulme' tik u'/ Jalalme'tik. We find that menstruation and aging are closely related. This becomes a sign of the passage of time and an age transition that influences the life experience of the women. This research not only presents the anthropological relevance of taking distance to hegemonic concepts such as “menopause” and the empirical richness of emerging ethnographic categories, but it also fortifies the local knowledge production and indigenous women’s understanding of their own bodies.