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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

‘No longer Nowhere to Refuge’: Re-imagining the Displaced Pastoralists in the Anthropocene.

presenters

    Shinya Konaka

    Nationality: Japan

    Residence: Japan

    School of International Relations, University of Shizuoka

    Presence:Face to Face/ On Site

Keywords:

Pastoralist, displacement, Anthropocene, climate change, Kenya

Abstract:

This paper introduces aims and scopes of the panel with specific focus on the displaced pastoralists and nomads drawing on two case studies of pastoralists and foragers in Northcentral Kenya. Tsing argues that Anthropocene is a period that refugia, places of refuge, will no longer exist through the encroachment of proliferations of plantations. It is in line with pastoralists and nomads, rangeland, refugia for pastoralists have been encroached through both direct and second impact of human induced environmental and climate change. The author illustrates how pastoralists and nomads are facing Anthropocene challenges of refuge. The forest dwellers, Samburu pastoralists and Dorobo foragers have been evicted in 2019, since they were identified as the main culprits of deforestation by the government. However, research outcome revealed that the significant deforestation is due to large-scale illegal logging by timber traders from outside of their communities. Additionally, since 2017, a policy has been introduced in various parts of highlands of Samburu County to subdivide the communally owned land of group ranches. Residents who were not registered with the group ranch were asked to leave by the residents who had lived with them for almost 50 years. Research revealed that non-registered population who were forced to leave were mainly who had previously been forced to take refuge due to climate change and conflict risks that have been recurring since the 1980s. Hence, both cases indicate that displaced pastoralists and nomads are victims suffering from the negative cascade effects of climate change. Consequently, displaced pastoralists and nomads have become ‘nomads who have lost the place to move’. Therefore, more holistic approach, prioritizing the relational context of pastoralists and nomads, who are inseparable from rangelands, rather than narrow-minded environmental policies that separates pastoralists and nomads from rangeland and ignore their vital role in environmental protection is required.