This presentation is based on my ethnographic fieldwork since 2013 with people and families belonging to the Ranquel indigenous people of the province of La Pampa, in central Argentina. At least since the 18th century, they have continuously inhabited central Argentina, a region which was then known as “Tierra Adentro” and that constituted “the desert” in conjunction with other territories beyond the borders. Following the military campaigns of territorial annexation at the end of the 19th century, the location of Ranqueles no longer aligned with their interests and objectives but reflected a series of forced relocations and the disarticulation of family groups. As a result, by the beginning of the 20th century, most indigenous survivors of the military campaigns had settled in the western portion of what would later become the province of La Pampa. It was on this territory that the consequences of the construction of Los Nihuiles hydroelectric complex in the neighboring province of Mendoza were most heavily felt since the 1950s. In this presentation I seek to demonstrate that some of Ranqueles practices and conceptualizations of Western La Pampa construct this desert and desertifed territory as a fundamental socio-territorial space in the context of their ethnic reorganization and revitalization process over the past few decades. I will show that this territory allows them for the counter-effectuation of the ideologically and then materially created voids, by preserving and/or restoring the abundance of humans and non-humans beings and relations of their ancestors’ epoch. These ‘other faces’ of Western La Pampa challenge both the theological concepts of progress and development that justified its colonization, and the theoretical frameworks of miscegenation and degeneration that condemned Ranqueles to extinction. Instead, they propose alternative cosmopolitical horizons.