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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

Emptiness as resource: Space exploration and alien agencies in subarctic Sweden

presenters

    Chakad Ojani

    Nationality: Sweden

    Residence: Sweden

    Stockholm University

    Presence:Online

Sweden’s sounding rocket range is located outside the subarctic city of Kiruna and overlaps with the reindeer herding territories of four Sámi villages. In response to the contemporary transformation of the global space industry, the rocket range is currently undergoing expansion with a view to launch small satellites into orbit within the next couple of years. These developments rest on colonial constructions of northern Sweden as a resource frontier by state-induced extractivism, such as mining and forestry, premised on the marginalization of Sámi land practices and historical designations of the region as "empty." Indeed, emptiness was a precondition for resource extraction as well as for state-promoted settlements inspired by, and undertaken in reaction to, North American settler colonialism. In this talk, I explore how the space sector is now framing this very emptiness as a resource. Not merely an absence of things, emptiness has been repurposed into a feature that renders the region particularly apposite for satellite launches. With recourse to fieldwork among space actors and science fictional representations of subarctic Sweden, I discuss how historical constructions of emptiness – and associated notions of wilderness, extreme environments, and the Arctic sublime – work to invisibilize Indigenous land practices whilst also postulate an intimacy between certain earthly geographies and the extraterrestrial. Whereas in science fictional accounts northern Sweden is frequently endowed with alien agencies, among space actors this ostensible proximity to outer space becomes a selling point to promote space exploration. By redeploying these emic connections between Earth and the extraterrestrial, I propose an ethnography of outer space that takes its cue from the topological and non-coeval qualities of (extra)planetary relations. This perspective runs athwart the Euclidean geometric framework upon which colonial constructions of emptiness rely.

Keywords:

emptiness, resource extraction, science fiction, space exploration, Sweden