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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

The Political Game: Football, Identity, and Mobilization in Contemporary Bengal

presenters

    Anik Biswas

    Nationality: India

    Residence: India

    University of Calcutta

    Presence:Online

Keywords:

Football, Bengal, Politics, Mobilisation, Identity

Abstract:

In colonial Calcutta, football was deeply intertwined with political awakening and national movements. Other than the watershed moment in 1911, when Mohun Bagan was able to bring a tide of national feeling by defeating the East Yorkshire regiment in the IFA Sheild Final, there are moments when political movement made its expression in the football field. During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, Mohun Bagan’s temporary gallery became the usual place for protest demonstrations for the picketers. Political forces also used football to mobilize spectators pertaining to certain identities. During the 1930s, Calcutta’s other famous club Mohammedan SC was used by Bengal’s provincial Muslim leaders for communal polarisation. In the case of East Bengal, the case was different. Though its refugee identity was not directly used by any political forces, the communists had a significant hold among these East Bengali refugees in the 1970s. East Bengal’s success on the field which acted as a moral boost for the refuges, indirectly helped the communists to mobilize them better and finally to get substantial electoral success in the late 70s with increased political aspirations among them. This paper deals with football’s interaction with politics in twenty-first-century Bengal. It attempts to explain the process of mobilizing people through football at the grassroots level by rapidly monetizing traditional amateur tournaments. Additionally, this paper explores the patronization of micro-identities through football in Bengal. It examines the case study of the recently established Matua FC and how this club mobilizes lower-caste East Bengali Hindus for broader political objectives. Lastly, the paper analyzes the current phenomenon of ultras fan movements in Kolkata's Maidan amidst the backdrop of anti-CAA protests in Bengal.