In the current context of the neoliberal penology that is imposed as the basis of legal practices in the field of juvenile justice, the processes of accountability and the populist discourses referring to the punishment of the delinquent figure present in the retributive policy present in the text of the law and in the organization of the penal system as a whole, have suspended other ways of understanding the phenomenon of offending, while the models of what's work and accountability, the new public management, operate as hegemonic paradigms in social reinsertion. Despite the fact that the controversies on the positivist criminological profile have had abundant response from more critical environments of criminology and philosophy of law, the implementation of punishment-oriented models seems to maintain structural vitality around the political and legal discussions on the 'advances' in terms of criminal responsibility. In this scenario, we propose a conceptual development and practical experiences of understanding the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency, in an anthropological dimension that incorporates not only a critique of the subjectivizing effects of risk technologies, but also proposes a different approach to intervention with adolescents in conflict with the law that incorporates their immediate environments both geographical and symbolic, material and sensitive, human and non-human that affect and inform the modes of existence of adolescents from popular sectors that tend to a sociodelictual activity. This implies looking at the mental health crisis exposed by the covid19 pandemic, as a relational problem that made visible one of the most worrying social sufferings in the field of child and adolescent development, the effects of which are still observed in adolescents and young people convicted of breaking the criminal law, marked by the intensification of precariousness and the increase in the use of violence.