Tribes of India reside in hilly areas, plateaus, and plains rich in minerals and forest cover. Still, tribal communities in India are being deprived of their fundamental rights. Socioeconomically, they are poor, marginalized & underdeveloped. The root cause of their socio-economic marginalization is multiple alienations from their land, primarily affecting their life, livelihoods, territory, and resources (Xaxa, 2012). In this way, tribal people continue to suffer discriminatory treatment by non-tribals, state authorities, and officials. Notwithstanding progressive land reform laws, forest policies, and good intentions of the state to implement laws and orders, issues of tribal land alienation have not been addressed satisfactorily. This article highlights the misuse of power by officials, problems caused by developmental projects, and discriminatory treatment of tribes and non-tribes concerning Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R and R) in the land alienation processes. It makes some recommendations for improving the situation by taking a holistic and rights-based approach. Further, it is observed that the standard of R and R of people displaced by development could have been better in most cases. Thus, land alienation of tribal people continues to be a matter of concern for scholars of anthropology and other social sciences, civil society, and development agencies in general. The paper uses primary and secondary data sources for its empirical discourse and analysis.