This paper examines the radical transformations in anthropological knowledge production in the Arab world following the wave of independence movements. It explores how these shifts are intertwined with the political, social, and cultural changes that have reshaped the region. The central focus is on the impact of independence, subsequent state-building efforts, and the formation of national identities on anthropological inquiries, revealing a significant reshaping of perspectives, practices, and power dynamics within both social and academic contexts. The paper begins with a critique of colonial practices and the Eurocentric perspectives that have historically dominated the field of anthropology. It underscores the post-independence period as a pivotal moment for the emergence of postcolonial and decolonial discourse within the discipline. The newfound autonomy of Arab nations has facilitated the rise of indigenous voices and research methodologies, reflecting the lived experiences and perspectives of Arab peoples more accurately. This transition from a Western-centric approach to one that privileges local narratives and experiences enriches the discipline with a diversity of cultural understandings and interactions. Further, the paper delves into the role of postcolonial and decolonial theories in challenging and reframing traditional anthropological narratives and methodologies. By integrating these critical perspectives, the study highlights the importance of decolonizing anthropological practices, fostering a discipline that is more inclusive of and responsive to the complexities and multiplicity of voices within Arab societies. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges and opportunities that currently confront anthropological knowledge production in the Arab world. It stresses the necessity of enhancing self-critique within the discipline and advocates for methodologies that acknowledge the rich tapestry of identities, cultures, and social dynamics. This research underscores the potential for a deeper and more nuanced comprehension of the Arab world through the processes of independence and state formation viewed through a postcolonial and decolonial lens.