The paper discusses contemporary challenges that social theories face when analyzing Arab societies, focusing on the limitations of the segmentary theory in studying kinship systems in these societies. While the segmentary theory, primarily attributed to Evans-Pritchard, helped understand kinship systems in specific African contexts, its direct applicability to the study of kinship in the Maghreb region is considered a form of cognitive projection. The Maghreb, comprising countries like Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Mauritania, is characterized by a unique cultural, historical, and social environment formed by a mixture of Arab, Berber, and Islamic traditions, along with colonial legacies. This complexity challenges the efficiency of the segmentary theory in understanding kinship and social systems in Arab societies. Ernest Gellner proposed an analysis of the societies in the Greater Atlas, particularly in Morocco, based on his concepts of the state and segmentariness. He noted that these mountainous societies are characterized by a form of division, where political power is fragmented among tribes or different social sectors, without a strong central authority. In this context, Gellner argued that the modern state, with its monopoly on coercion and centralized governance, contradicts the sectoral structure of the Greater Atlas societies. Gellner's analysis has been criticized for several reasons. Firstly, some researchers have contested the description of the Greater Atlas societies as segmentary, pointing out that these societies were more complex and dynamic than Gellner's theory suggested. In recent years, the Maghreb has experienced significant social and political transformations, including movements for democratic change, economic liberalization, and increased globalization. These changes have introduced new dynamics into the social fabric, challenging traditional kinship structures and reshaping societal norms. The intersection of these contemporary developments with historical legacies poses additional challenges for the application of classical social theories. The paper emphasizes the specificity of contexts and