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WORLD ANTHROPOLOGICAL UNION

CONGRESS 2024​

Paper

Disturbed landscapes in northern Mozambique

presenters

    EDUARDO VIANA VARGAS

    Nationality: Brazil

    Residence: Brazil

    Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

    Presence:Face to Face/ On Site

Many people inhabit the north of Mozambique, but throughout the large plateau around the Namuli mountains, speakers of Emakhuwa, the Macua language, predominate. On the great plateau the soil is fertile; to the west, it ends in the mountain massifs of the Rift Valley; to the east, it continues until it almost reaches the Indian Ocean, from which it is separated by a small coastal plain. The soils of the plain were not the most suitable for agriculture, until species brought from far away were introduced, along with other production regimes. But long before the plantation changed the region's landscape, long-distance trade routes were doing so. Pre-colonial networks crossed the entire plateau and connected people and products spread across the Indian Ocean. Although they had established themselves on the Island of Mozambique since Vasco da Gama, it was only at the turn of the 19th century that the Portuguese imposed themselves on the coast of the current province of Nampula and began the advance on the plateau, which only took place in the first half of the century with the opening of railways and roads and the introduction of new production regimes based on large-scale monoculture of exogenous species such as sisal, coconut and cashew nuts. Devastated by the war of liberation, reinvented as communal farms in the Samora times, once again devastated by the 16-year war, in recent decades large plantations have been reinvented as agribusiness, while an extractive rush has been redecomposing the region's landscapes, which daily observes the passage of kilometric trains loaded with mineral coal through what they call the Nacala Corridor. Objectively, this paper aims to describe with words and images some disturbances produced in the region's multispecies landscapes in the contexts of introduction of plantation and neo-extractive’s regimes and of their socio-technical devices.

Keywords:

Disturbed landscapes; Plantation; Railways; Nacala Corridor; Mozambique