This study focuses on Frobenius expeditions with their regional focus and interest on southern Ethiopia were undertaken between 1930s and 1950s. Critical analysis was made on the relevant photographs and written documents retrieved from the institute’s electronic data base. Moreover, library work was conducted in the institute for two months. The paper concludes that the expeditions have left a big imprint in the archives of the Frobenius institute. The legacies stored in the archive comprises diverse materials (such as hand-drawn maps, diaries, notebooks, travel reports, letters, scripts for lectures, published and unpublished manuscripts of ethnographies, photographs, and films).The legacies represent a unique documentation of prehistory and ethnography of southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the legacies are believed to provide significant contribution to the rethinking and contemporary studies of the Southern Ethiopian region. Therefore, scientific discussion and debate on these unique materials is highly needed.